F2F Class Notes (Nemo)

Grammar

BY-time

-We use BY meaning ‘not later than’ to refer to arrangements and deadlines:

E.g.： They said that the plumber would be here by Monday.

E.g.： The postman is always here by 11 am.

E.g.:      I’ll finish my job by 9pm

–“By the time”–  meaning ‘when’, to connect an action that has happened or will have happened before a second action. The action that happened second comes after by the time:

 E.g.: By the time you come home from work, the dinner will be ready

-We use BY to talk about measurements, and increases and decreases in amounts:

E.g.: My bedroom is just three metres by two metres! /2x3m
E.g.: When you work part-time, you are usually paid by the hour.   200$/h
E.g.:  The price of fuel has increased by 12% this year.

Vocabulary

plumber (n): 1-水管工。 2-a person whose job is to supply and connect or repair water pipes, baths, toilets, etc.:
E.g.: When is the plumber coming to repair the burst pipe?