F2F Class Notes (Ben)

Grammar

until = till (spoken)
= non-stop

by = before
This book should be returned to the library by next Friday (on Friday at latest)
You can keep this book until Friday.

I will wait until she comes.
I will send it to you by March 15th

I work until 5 o’clock so I’ll try to call you by 6.
You have until Friday to do your homework and it has to be handed in by Friday at 12pm.

–

on time = time is clear (12 pm, a meeting, a date)
in time for something = time is not very clear (a period of time, lunch, Christmas)

The meeting starts at 9. We should be on time. If we are late then we won’t be in time for lunch.

–

She lives at 499 Madang Road. (specific place)
She lives on Madang Road. (not very specific)

Many homeless people live on/in the street.

–

near = (not specific)
close to = very near, more specific

I often teach next to my students but I don’t like when they get too close to me.
I was close to finding the solution.

–

“Near” and “close”are followed by nouns or “by”

There is a movie theater near the office. (5 minutes walk)
There is a movie theater nearby.

There is a movie theater close to the office. (1 minute walk)
There is a movie theater close by.

near / nearer / the nearest
close / closer / the closest

He’s my nearest friend = All my other friends live farther
He’s my closest friend. = He knows all my secrets

walk past = pass = walk in front of
Go straight and walk past the Starbucks. I will be on the other side.
Go straight and pass the Starbucks. I will be on the other side.