F2F Class Notes 5th November (Tony)

Vocabulary

Make do – to work with or adapt to a situation as it is. eg: “The lights went out after we cooked dinner, but we made do with some candles. So we ate by candlelight.” “We don’t have wine glasses, so we will just make do with coffee cups.”

adapt – to change something to fit a situation eg: “Our business was established in 1980 so we had to adapt to the online market.”

substitute (adj) (n) – if you don’t have one, you replace it with another. eg: “Our teacher was sick yesterday so we had a substitute teacher.” “we don’t have beef so we will substitute it with pork.”

“My colleagues quit the job, so my boss found some substitute employees.”

institute (v) (n) “Our company didn’t have an HR department, so we instituted one immediately.” “I want to institute a dress code in my company.”

I go to the school in my town from my village – I went to school in town from my village

give someone a hand – to help others eg: “I gave my mom a hand doing the dishes.”

literal – use a word exactly as the original meaning

figurative – to use a word in a way different from the original meaning “My favorite figurative phrase in Chinese is Hua she tian zu, which means ‘don’t draw legs on a snake’ or ‘don’t overdo it’.

out of the blue – out of nowhere, unexpected, as a surprise eg: “I got a new job this week, and on my third day the boss just fired me out of the blue. I don’t understand I did nothing wrong.”