VIP Class Notes (Olivia)

Grammar

Past tenses/Past perfect tenses

Participle changes:

regular changes: finish/finished, call/called, enjoy/enjoyed, watch/watched, wish/wished, dress/dressed,

irregular changes: read/read, give/gave, sing/sang, see/saw, ride/rode, sleep/slept, come/came, run/ran, swim/swam, write/wrote, speak/spoke, buy/bought, think/thought

past perfect:

Past perfect tense is used for an action that was completed before a definite time, or before another action that took place in the past. For example, After we had finished our dinner, we went to the movies.

have (done) I have done my homework today.

had (done) I had done my homework yesterday.

had been done, the homework had been done yesterday.

Exercise:

Bill said that he had received a letter from his penpal

Jane asked if anyone had borrowed her pen.

Bob reported that they had already washed the dishes

Sam apologised that he had got to leave early.

Terry suggested to take over because he had had his lunch earlier.

Mark insisted that he hadn’t do it.

Tom said that he had seen an accident on the way to school.

The little girl sobbed that she had lost her mother.

John told me that he had read the book that I lent him.

active/passive

William built the building

The building is built by William

until

eg.

I didn’t pick up playing the flute until I turned 6 years old.

Please do not take any alcohol until you are 18 years old.

Please do not watch this movie until you are with a parent.

since + time/event/incident

eg. Since 9/11, international terrorism had been a debated topic on the world stage.

Since the Nanjing Massacre, there had always been a bad relation between Chinese and Japanese.

Vocabulary

path

emphasise  – point out, highlight, reinforce

instruction – a handbook that tells you how to use a device/take medicine/to use…..

disperse

misfortune- mis fortune

fortune- nouns 1: rich, wealthy; 2: fortune-teller

fortunate – adj, lucky fortunately – adv

unfortunate – unlucky.  unfortunately – adv

misfortune – severe/ serious/traumatising incident that had happened to someone.