VIP Class Notes (Olivia)
Grammar
Past tenses/Past perfect tenses
Participle changes:
regular changes: finish/finished, call/called, enjoy/enjoyed, watch/watched, wish/wished, dress/dressed,
irregular changes: read/read, give/gave, sing/sang, see/saw, ride/rode, sleep/slept, come/came, run/ran, swim/swam, write/wrote, speak/spoke, buy/bought, think/thought
past perfect:
Past perfect tense is used for an action that was completed before a definite time, or before another action that took place in the past. For example, After we had finished our dinner, we went to the movies.
have (done) I have done my homework today.
had (done) I had done my homework yesterday.
had been done, the homework had been done yesterday.
Exercise:
Bill said that he had received a letter from his penpal
Jane asked if anyone had borrowed her pen.
Bob reported that they had already washed the dishes
Sam apologised that he had got to leave early.
Terry suggested to take over because he had had his lunch earlier.
Mark insisted that he hadn’t do it.
Tom said that he had seen an accident on the way to school.
The little girl sobbed that she had lost her mother.
John told me that he had read the book that I lent him.
active/passive
William built the building
The building is built by William
until
eg.
I didn’t pick up playing the flute until I turned 6 years old.
Please do not take any alcohol until you are 18 years old.
Please do not watch this movie until you are with a parent.
since + time/event/incident
eg. Since 9/11, international terrorism had been a debated topic on the world stage.
Since the Nanjing Massacre, there had always been a bad relation between Chinese and Japanese.
Vocabulary
path
emphasise – point out, highlight, reinforce
instruction – a handbook that tells you how to use a device/take medicine/to use…..
disperse
misfortune- mis fortune
fortune- nouns 1: rich, wealthy; 2: fortune-teller
fortunate – adj, lucky fortunately – adv
unfortunate – unlucky. unfortunately – adv
misfortune – severe/ serious/traumatising incident that had happened to someone.
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