VIP Class Notes (Maddie)

finished unit 24
unit 20(vocab) , unit 21(there be structure), unit 22(a/an/the), unit 23( giving directions), unit 24 (and, but)

Pronunciation

town: /au/ 双元音

theatre：th-i-uh-tuh

-s/-es发音 ：
1) The /ɪz/ sound (or /əz/ sound)

Examples of words ending in the /ɪz/ sound:

C: races (sounds like “race-iz”)
S: pauses, nurses, buses, rises
X: fixes, boxes, hoaxes
Z: amazes, freezes, prizes, quizzes
SS: kisses, misses, passes, bosses
CH: churches, sandwiches, witches, teaches
SH: dishes, wishes, pushes, crashes
GE: garages, changes, ages, judges
Remember: after verbs ending in -sh, -ch, -ss and -x, we add the -es to the end of the verb (in third person) and the pronunciation is /iz/ as an extra syllable.

2)The /s/ sound
If the last consonant of the word is voiceless, then the S is pronounced as /s/. Be careful not to create an extra syllable.

Examples of words ending in the /s/ sound:

P: cups stops, sleeps
T: hats, students, hits, writes
K: cooks, books, drinks, walks
F: cliffs, sniffs, beliefs, laughs, graphs (the -gh and -ph here are pronounced like a F)
TH: myths, tablecloths, months (voiceless th)

3) The /z/ sound
If the last letter of the words ends in a voiced consonant (or sound), then the S is pronounced like a Z /z/(without creating another syllable). This Z sound is similar to the sound a bee makes zzzz.

We also use this ending when the word ends in a vowel sound (e.g. bees, flies etc.)

Examples of words ending in the /z/ sound:

B: crabs, rubs
D: cards, words, rides, ends
G: rugs, bags, begs
L: deals calls, falls, hills
M: plums, dreams
N: fans, drains, runs, pens
NG: kings, belongs, sings
R: wears, cures
V: gloves, wives, shelves, drives
Y: plays, boys, says,
THE: clothes, bathes, breathes
VOWEL SOUNDS: sees, fleas

favourite: fei-vuh-ri-t

/ea/:
most of the time -ee-
e.g., read, bead, feature, meat
sometimes: /e/
e.g., breakfast, peasant

castle: ka-sel 城堡

opposite: o-puh-zi-t 在对面

hand c.f., behind: /æ/vs. /aɪ/

between: bi-tw-ee-n

magazine: stress on the last syllable

Grammar

祈使句

连续多个并列，逗号加在最后一个并列成分前，其他都用逗号隔开。
e.g., my girlfriend, aunt and uncle are there.

Vocabulary

store = shop

theatre: place where people see plays

turn left/right

go straight ahead: 直行

take the first/second left/right: 在第一/二个路口左/右转

intersection/crossroads: 十字路口

on the corner: 在角落上

chef/cook: 厨师

laptop：笔记本

cell phone, not call phone