F2F Class Notes 1st September (Raph)

Hierarchy (n): 1- a system in which members of an organization or society are ranked according to relative status or authority.
E.g.: He didn’t like engaging with those who were lower in the hierarchy.

Red tape (n): 1- excessive bureaucracy or adherence to official rules and formalities.
E.g.: The problem with a lot of companies in China is that the red tape gets in the way of efficiency.

Muddle (v): 1- to untidy and disorganize something, making it messy or less clear.
E.g.: Vertical enterprises lack the transparency of a horizontal enterprise because each layer muddles information more and more.

Spiky (adj): 1- like a spike or spikes or having many spikes.
E.g.: He has short spiky hair.

Waiter (n): 1- a man whose job is to serve customers at their tables in a restaurant.
E.g.: He is a waiter at an Italian restaurant.