VIP Class Notes (Raph)

Vocabulary

Altitude (n): 1- height above sea level.
E.g.: We are currently flying at an altitude of 15,000 metres.
E.g.: Mountain climbers use oxygen when they reach higher altitudes.

Reinforcement (n): 1- the act of making something stronger.
E.g.: The harbor walls need urgent reinforcement.

Antonym (n): 1- a word that means the opposite of another word.
E.g.: Two antonyms of “light” are “dark” and “heavy”.

Circumstance (n): 1- a fact or event that makes a situation the way it is.
E.g.: I think she coped very well under the circumstances.
E.g.: Obviously we can’t deal with the problem until we know all the circumstances.
E.g.: She died in suspicious circumstances.
E.g.: We oppose capital punishment (= death penalty) in/under any circumstances.
E.g.: Under no circumstances should you (= you should not) approach the man.
E.g.: The meeting has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control.
E.g.: The company saw a slight rise in its profits last year. Given the economic circumstances of the country, that’s definitely something to celebrate.
E.g.: Given our financial circumstances, I can only accept this deal under these conditions.

Hail (n): 1-  small, hard balls of ice that fall from the sky like rain.
E.g.: Hail and snow are causing dangerous driving conditions.

Toddler (n): 1-  a young child, especially one who is learning or has recently learned to walk.
E.g.: Taking care of toddlers is a lot of work!

Grammar

The sun is very big. – The sun is very hot. / The weather is very hot. / It is very hot

Pronunciation

Reinforcement: /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs.mənt/

Clown: /klaʊn/

Altitude: /ˈæl.tə.tuːd/

Antonym: /ˈæn.t̬ən.ɪm/

Economy: /iˈkɑː.nə.mi/

Economic:  /iː.kəˈnɑː.mɪk/

Economist: /iˈkɑː.nə.mɪst/

Hail: /heɪl/