VIP Class Notes (Nicholas)

Next Class Focus

Please complete these vocabulary definitions and provide examples based on Summer’s reading. Here are the words:

segmented /

components /

telecom

adversaries

frustrated /

reveal

represents

compel

cooperate

judicial

safeguards

simply

competitor

striking

candor

twin pressures

allies

precedence

ministers

heed

competing

price-slashing

duress

anonymity

authorities

gran

dominate

corners

shutting out

handful

pledged

bar

traverse

prompted

partner alongside

ambassador

intelligence-sharing

instance

alleged

plot

involving

biotoxin ricin

Tunisian extremist

barrier

participation

protocols

underpin

infrastructure

presence

commercial

Finnish / Finland

engineered

gateways

scrubbed

malware

inception

wireless

anonymity

authorized

iterative

arise

build-out

take upantennas

fleets

deploy

sensors

execute

innovating

to integrate / integrating

Pronunciation

ENABLE / IN-ABLE

COGNIZANT / CAHG-NI-ZINT

Vocabulary

to thwart / to stop something from happening / to stop / to block something

e.g. The Chinese government thwarted the USA’s attempt (to try) of selling bad things in China.

e.g. If the car stops in the road, we don’t say the car thwarts. We just say the car stopped. But we could say that a person thwarted the car from moving. It’s the idea of someone or something stopping something else from succeeding or moving forward.

espionage / this is how countries learn secret information about their enemies

e.g. Perhaps China wants to learn about the USA’s newest military technology. They may send a “spy” – this is a person who says they are American so that they can learn these secrets and then tell the Chinese gov’t. All countries engage in (to do/to take part in) espionage. Espionage is very dangerous because if they learned you are a spy you will likely die – be killed.

disruptive / an adjective that describes something or someone that makes a situation very crazy / a disruptive person makes a stable (稳定) situation become unstable / 破坏性 / something that creates chaos (混沌)

e.g. AirBNB has disrupted the hotel industry – it is completely different – it’s something brand new – before there were just a few hotels and if you wanted to stay in a new country you had to (must) go to one of these hotels, but now you can just go on the AirBNB website and you dont have to stay in a hotel you can stay in someone’s home! This happened almost overnight! It was a very fast change. The old traditional hotels didn’t know what to do! They had a new competitor – AirBNB was very disruptive.

e.g. I remember when I was teaching in class and there was a boy who would not stop talking – everyone else was quiet – but he wouldnt shut up – he was very disruptive – he disrupted the entire class.

e.g. In business you want to be disruptive this means you are new and exciting. In a working environment like an office – you dont want to be disruptive because then people wont like you and maybe you will be fired. you don’t want to be a disruptive employee.

to enable / enabled / “to make able” or to make possible / to help someone do something successfully, but sometimes what they are doing is a bad thing / 以启用

e.g. I remember when my cousin she had a baby with a man she didn’t know. I was angry. But her parents were not angry. they said “oh its ok! we will help”. I said they shouldn’t enable their daughter this way – because they are the reason why she is behaving in this bad manner – she behaves this way because of their help -they give her money, they support her, they dont yell at her, they just enable her. This is enabling someone, and it’s a bad thing usually.

e.g. Our lesson is enabled by the computer and the TV.

diverse / diversity / this means there are many different kinds or types of something

e.g. America is a diverse place because it has so many different kinds of people – there are white people, black yellow…

e.g. American universities think diversity is very important – they want students from all over the world with different family backgrounds.

e.g. In classrooms and work places it’s good to have diverse thinking –  this means that everyone has different ideas.

deputy / 副 / this is a title usually given to someone in law enforcement (like the police) – so if you are a leader in the police we call you a deputy, but it’s not a very high position.

e.g. She is the deputy to the director – this means she is below his authority (权威).

intelligence community / this is different than normal intelligence like IQ – this is secret information about other countries so that you know what they are doing – this makes your country smarter – and if you have better information and knowledge you can make better decisions for your country – so this is the intelligence community

e.g. in the USA, the intelligence community is called the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) – sometimes they dont listen to the President – they have their own ideas and they are very disruptive in other countries.

let up / to stop, or to give up, to quit while you were doing something

e.g. If you’re racing and you want to finish the race, you should never let up – keep going.

e.g. They’re not letting up – meaning they are not stopping – they continue to tell every country not to do business with Huawei.

close ties / to have a close relationship with

e.g. Summer and Nick’s families have very close ties because they have known each other for a long time.

burgeoning / growing bigger and bigger

cognizant / to be actively aware of, to know something is happening / 认识

e.g. When you are a parent, you need to always be cognizant of your children’s safety.

e.g. When you are standing at the metro platform, you should always be cognizant of when the train arrives so it doesn’t hit you.

e.g. I am cognizant of the fact that you must work hard to earn a lot of money.

to rely on / to trust greatly and to depend on something / I need this thing because without it, I am nothing

e.g. These countries rely on Huawei’s 5G technology – without it they cannot do their business.

e.g. When you are a child, you rely on your parents – you need them very badly.

transition / this is the process of leaving one thing and going into another / to change

e.g. The transition from single-life to married-life for most people is very difficult!

e.g. When you transition from one job to another, it can be exciting and stressful because you need to learn new skills and meet new people.

e.g. High school is difficult for boys because they are in the middle of a crazy transition from boyhood to manhood.

e.g. When I got to the US, I will transfer or switch planes in Europe. This is a one time quick event. A transition is a gradual (逐渐) change, it’s a slower change. A transfer is usually a fast change.

a platform / is a place that you stand upon or stand on – it’s usually lifted up or higher off the ground

e.g. If you are waiting for Line 7 metro at Jingan you will stand on the metro platform.

a platform / is a special position in society where people trust you and listen to what you say closely

e.g. Celebrities or politicians have special platforms that they should use wisely. Some celebrities use their platform to spread good messages and good positive news. Other people use their platforms to spread (传播) hatred and bad news.

e.g. The President of the USA or of China has the most powerful platform.

4G platforms / a kind or type of 4G technology – we say platform because the technology lies underneath the service

e.g. 4G is the platform for services like WeChat, Weibo – without the 4G platform these services cannot work. There are many different types of 4G platforms – phones, TVs. Anything that uses 4G is a 4G platform.

presume / assume / to guess / to think is true because you are making a good guess based on good information

e.g. Summer is wearing a brown coat – I presume she likes the color brown.

e.g. Sometimes it’s not good to presume (verb) or to be presumptuous (adj) because sometimes your presumptions (noun) are wrong – you cannot always judge a book by its cover.

e.g. I presume you’re married because you have a ring on your finger. But if a woman doesnt have a ring on her finger, you should make any presumptions because thats a little rude.

encryption / 加密 / to take the communications via the internet or by phone and mix up or change the language so that other people cannot understand it

e.g. Government leaders should not email their friends unless the email is encrypted so that other people can’t steal important information.

e.g. In 2019, encryption will be very important for anyone that wants to remain anonymous on the internet and keep their private information safe.