VIP Class Notes (Nemo)

Vocabulary

fulfill (v):to do something that is expected, hoped for, or promised, or to cause it to happen
实现；达到；履行，执行
A school fails if it does not fulfill the needs/requirements of its pupils.
学校如果不能满足学生的需求／要求，那它就是失败的。
At the age of 45, she finally fulfilled her ambition to run a marathon.
45岁时，她终于实现了跑马拉松的夙愿。
He has failed to fulfill his duties as a father.
他没有尽到做父亲的责任。

infinitive (n):the basic form of a verb that usually follows “to”
（动词）原形，不定式
E.g.: In the sentences “I had to go” and “I must go”, “go” is an infinitive.
在句子 I had to go 和 I must go 中，go 为不定式。
“Go” is the infinitive form.
go 是动词原形。

conditional -(relating to) a sentence, often starting with “if” or “unless”, in which one half expresses something which depends on the other half
条件句的
E.g.: a conditional clause
条件从句
E.g.: “If I won a lot of money, I’d travel the world” is an example of a conditional (sentence).
If I won a lot of money, I’d go traveling 是条件句的一个例子。

主句
A main clause is a clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence.
E.g.: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.(main clause)

Grammar

Conditional Sentence Type 1
→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.

*The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence. In this case, don’t use a comma.
Example: I will send her an invitation if I find her address.

Conditional Sentence Type 2 Second conditional = imaginary situation now or in the future.
→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.

Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)

Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.

‘If Anna was (simple past) here, she would know( would+infinitive) what to do.’ (but she is not here at the moment, so she cannot help) Here we are talking about the present and imagining a situation that is different from reality.

‘If I lost(simple past) my job tomorrow, I would move( would+infinitive) to London.’ Here we are talking about a possible event in the future, but by using the second conditional we make it clear that we don’t really think it will happen.

Conditional Sentence Type 3 Third conditional = imaginary situation in the past.
→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. It is used to imagine how a situation in the past could have been different.

Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)

Example: If I had found(past perfect) her address, I would have sent(would+have+past participle) her an invitation.
‘If he had not gone to the casino, he would not have lost all his money.’