F2F Class Notes (Raph)[R]

Vocabulary

Sue (n): 1-  to take legal action against a person or organization, especially by making a legal claim for money because of some harm that they have caused you.
E.g.: He was so furious about the accusations in the letter that he threatened to sue.
E.g.: She sued the paper for (= in order to get) damages after they wrongly described her as a prostitute.
E.g.: She is suing her husband for (= in order to get a) divorce.

Hierarchy (n): 1- a system in which people or things are arranged according to their importance. (adj: Hierarchical)
E.g.: Some monkeys have a very complex social hierarchy.
E.g.: He rose quickly through the political hierarchy to become party leader.
E.g.: Chinese companies tend to have very hierarchical management structures.

Fatigue (n): 1- extreme tiredness.
E.g.: She was suffering from fatigue.

Insomnia (n): 1- the condition of being unable to sleep, over a period of time:
E.g.: Holly suffered from insomnia caused by stress at work.

Binge (n): 1- an occasion when an activity is done in an extreme way, especially eating, drinking, or spending money:
E.g.: He went on a five-day drinking binge.

Adverse (adj): having a negative or harmful effect on something. (adv: Adversely)
E.g.: The match has been cancelled because of adverse weather conditions.
E.g.: They received a lot of adverse publicity/criticism about the changes.
E.g.: Cancellations and delays may continue to adversely affect the airline’s financial performance.

Stream (v): 1- to listen to or watch sound or video on a computer directly from the internet rather than downloading it and saving it first.
E.g.: Streaming movies online is a lot more convenient than having to download them.

Advent (n): 1- the fact of an event happening, an invention being made, or a person arriving.
E.g.: Life was transformed by the advent of electricity.

Prevalent (n): 1- existing very commonly or happening often.
E.g.: These diseases are more prevalent among young children.
E.g.: Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent.

Back-to-back (adj): 1- happening one after another, without interruption:
E.g.: Hamilton is celebrating back-to-back victories in the German and British Grands Prix.
E.g.: I’ve had ten back-to-back classes today. I’m exhausted!

Pattern (n): 1- a particular way in which something is done, is organized, or happens:
E.g.: The pattern of family life has been changing over recent years.
E.g.: A pattern is beginning to emerge from our analysis of the accident data.
E.g.: Many behavior(al) patterns have been identified in the chimp colony.

Plot (n): 1- the story of a book, film, play, etc..
E.g.: The movie has a very simple plot.
E.g.: The plots of his books are basically all the same.

Binge-Watching Television Causes Sleep Problems
(Source: breakingnewsenglish.com/1708/170820-binge-watching-tv.html)

New research shows that binge-watching television can adversely affect your health. Binge-viewing involves excessive watching of back-to-back TV shows in a single sitting. It has become prevalent across the world with the advent of online streaming and downloading services. Researchers from the University of Michigan in the USA and the Leuven School for Mass Communication Research in Belgium surveyed 423 people aged 18-25 on their TV-viewing habits. Their research found that binge-viewing greatly interrupted sleep patterns. Co-author Professor Jan Van den Bulck said: “Our study signals that binge-viewing is prevalent in young adults and that it may be harmful to their sleep.”

The researchers asked participants about their sleep quality, levels of fatigue and prevalence of insomnia. They also enquired about their frequency of binge-watching programs on televisions, laptops and desktop computers. Over 80 per cent of the participants reported binge-watching, with 20 per cent doing so several times a week. Binge-watchers are 98 per cent more likely to experience poor sleep quality. A researcher said: “Bingeable TV shows have plots that keep the viewer tied to the screen. We think they become intensely involved with the content and may keep thinking about it when they want to go to sleep.” She said this caused people problems when trying to sleep.

Grammar

Two times one week. – Two times a week.

From the Monday. – From Monday.

Pronunciation

Familiar: /fəˈmɪl.i.jɚ/

Allow: /əˈlaʊ/

Alone: /əˈloʊn/

Hierarchy: /ˈhaɪ.rɑːr.ki/

Hierarchical: /ˌhɑɪ·əˌrɑr·kɪ·kəl/

Fatigue: /fəˈtiːɡ/

Binge: /bɪndʒ/