F2F Class Notes (Raph)
Vocabulary
Adulthood (n): 1- the part of someone’s life when they are an adult:
E.g.: People in England legally reach adulthood at 18.
E.g.: Responsibility, I suppose, is what defines adulthood.
Deny (v): 1- to say that something is not true.
E.g.: Neil denies that he broke the window, but I’m sure he did.
E.g.: Stop denying it! I know what you did!
Put sth on (v): 1- to cover part of the body with clothes, shoes, make-up, or something similar:
E.g.: Put your shoes on – we’re going out.
E.g.: He put on his jacket.
E.g.: She puts face cream on every night.
Grammar
Prepositions
We commonly use prepositions to show a relationship in space or time or a logical relationship between two or more people, places or things. Prepositions are most commonly followed by a noun phrase or pronoun (underlined):
The last time I saw him he was walking down the road.
I’ll meet you in the cafe opposite the cinema.
It was difficult to sleep during the flight.
It was the worst storm since the 1980s.
Give that to me.
There are over 100 prepositions in English. The most common single-word prepositions are:
about |
beside |
near |
to |
above |
between |
of |
towards |
across |
beyond |
off |
under |
after |
by |
on |
underneath |
against |
despite |
onto |
unlike |
along |
down |
opposite |
until |
among |
during |
out |
up |
around |
except |
outside |
upon |
as |
for |
over |
via |
at |
from |
past |
with |
before |
in |
round |
within |
behind |
inside |
since |
without |
below |
into |
than |
|
beneath |
like |
through |
Although most prepositions are single words, some pairs and groups of words operate like single prepositions:
They were unable to attend because of the bad weather in Ireland.
Jack’ll be playing in the team in place of me.
In addition to getting a large fine, both brothers were put in prison for three months.
I always get nervous when I have to speak in front of an audience.
We estimate that there’ll be up to 10,000 people at the concert.
The most common prepositions that consist of groups of words are:
ahead of |
except for |
instead of |
owing to |
apart from |
in addition to |
near to |
such as |
as for |
in front of |
on account of |
thanks to |
as well as |
in place of |
on top of |
up to |
because of |
in spite of |
out of |
|
due to |
inside of |
outside of |
My mean is…. – What I mean is…
They didn’t against it anymore. – They aren’t against it anymore.
I walk beach with my friends. – I walked along / on the beach with my friends.
I took my shoes and walked along the beach. – I took my shoes off and walked along the beach.
After dinner we went to cinema to watch movie. – After dinner we went to the cinema to watch a movie.
My parents like listen my work and my life in Shanghai. – My parents like to listen to me talking about my work and my life in Shanghai.
Pronunciation
Paternal: /pəˈtɝː.nəl/
Maternity: /məˈtɝː.nə.t̬i/
Cigarette: /ˈsɪɡ.ə.ret/
Adulthood: /əˈdʌlt.hʊd/
Warranty: /ˈwɔːr.ən.t̬i/
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