F2F Class Notes (Raph)

Vocabulary

Adulthood (n): 1- the part of someone’s life when they are an adult:
E.g.: People in England legally reach adulthood at 18.
E.g.: Responsibility, I suppose, is what defines adulthood.

Deny (v): 1- to say that something is not true.
E.g.: Neil denies that he broke the window, but I’m sure he did.
E.g.: Stop denying it! I know what you did!

Put sth on (v): 1- to cover part of the body with clothes, shoes, make-up, or something similar:
E.g.: Put your shoes on – we’re going out.
E.g.: He put on his jacket.
E.g.: She puts face cream on every night.

Grammar

Prepositions

We commonly use prepositions to show a relationship in space or time or a logical relationship between two or more people, places or things. Prepositions are most commonly followed by a noun phrase or pronoun (underlined):

The last time I saw him he was walking down the road.

I’ll meet you in the cafe opposite the cinema.

It was difficult to sleep during the flight.

It was the worst storm since the 1980s.

Give that to me.

There are over 100 prepositions in English. The most common single-word prepositions are:

about

beside

near

to

above

between

of

towards

across

beyond

off

under

after

by

on

underneath

against

despite

onto

unlike

along

down

opposite

until

among

during

out

up

around

except

outside

upon

as

for

over

via

at

from

past

with

before

in

round

within

behind

inside

since

without

below

into

than

beneath

like

through

Although most prepositions are single words, some pairs and groups of words operate like single prepositions:

They were unable to attend because of the bad weather in Ireland.

Jack’ll be playing in the team in place of me.

In addition to getting a large fine, both brothers were put in prison for three months.

I always get nervous when I have to speak in front of an audience.

We estimate that there’ll be up to 10,000 people at the concert.

The most common prepositions that consist of groups of words are:

ahead of

except for

instead of

owing to

apart from

in addition to

near to

such as

as for

in front of

on account of

thanks to

as well as

in place of

on top of

up to

because of

in spite of

out of

due to

inside of

outside of

My mean is…. – What I mean is…

They didn’t against it anymore. – They aren’t against it anymore.

I walk beach with my friends. – I walked along / on the beach with my friends.

I took my shoes and walked along the beach. – I took my shoes off and walked along the beach. 

After dinner we went to cinema to watch movie. – After dinner we went to the cinema to watch a movie. 

My parents like listen my work and my life in Shanghai.  – My parents like to listen to me talking about my work and my life in Shanghai.

Pronunciation

Paternal: /pəˈtɝː.nəl/

Maternity: /məˈtɝː.nə.t̬i/

Cigarette: /ˈsɪɡ.ə.ret/

Adulthood: /əˈdʌlt.hʊd/

Warranty: /ˈwɔːr.ən.t̬i/